Archimedes of Syracuse was a leading Greek mathematician, physicist, engineer, inventor, and astronomer in classical antiquity. He is renowned for his work in hydrostatics, statics, and for explaining the principle of the lever. Archimedes is credited with designing innovative machines, including siege engines and the screw pump that bears his name. His life ended during the Siege of Syracuse when he was killed by a Roman soldier, despite orders that he should not be harmed.