James Albert Smith Leach was an American academic and politician who served as a U.S. Representative from Iowa from 1977 to 2007. A moderate Republican, he was known for his thoughtful and independent approach to policy, often breaking with his party on key issues. After leaving Congress, he served as the ninth Chairman of the National Endowment for the Humanities from 2009 to 2013. Leach was also a respected voice on foreign policy, financial regulation, and civil discourse throughout his extensive career in public service.