Joseph Franklin Rutherford, also known as 'Judge' Rutherford, was the second president of the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania. He played a primary role in the organization and doctrinal development of the group that would become known as Jehovah's Witnesses. Rutherford introduced many significant organizational changes, including the adoption of the name 'Jehovah's Witnesses' in 1931. His powerful oratory and prolific writing profoundly shaped the modern identity and practices of the movement until his death.